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Infectious Disease · Pulmonology

VACO Index COVID-19 Mortality Risk calculator

Enter the published formula inputs below to calculate and interpret this score.

Clinical inputs

years

Allowed range: 20–120 years

Quick picks

Completed years. Ages 20 through 49 share one coefficient. Age 50 uses the 50–54 coefficient. From age 85 the Charlson term no longer depends on the index value. Ages under 20 are outside the index.

Sex
points

Allowed range: 0–40 points

Quick picks

Integer Charlson sum. Before age 85 the groups are 0, 1–3, 4–5, 6–9, and 10 or higher. Cancer and metastatic cancer, uncomplicated and complicated diabetes, and mild and moderate or severe liver disease are mutually exclusive pairs: count only the higher weight.

Prior myocardial infarction or peripheral vascular disease

Result

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Clinical inputs

  • Age (years)Accepted range: 20 to 120
  • Sex
  • Charlson comorbidity index (points)Accepted range: 0 to 40
  • Prior myocardial infarction or peripheral vascular disease

Primary source

King JT Jr et al. Development and validation of a 30-day mortality index based on pre-existing medical administrative data from 13,323 COVID-19 patients: The Veterans Health Administration COVID-19 (VACO) Index. PLoS One. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241825. PMID: 33175863. S1 File prints the logistic coefficients and the worked example. Predicted risk = exp(S) / (1 + exp(S)), where S is the sum of the age coefficient, the sex coefficient, the Charlson-by-age coefficient, the myocardial infarction or peripheral vascular disease coefficient, and the constant −4.216058062. Age coefficients are 20–49 years −2.228678713, 50–54 years 0, 55–59 years 0.400599289, 60–64 years 0.941322019, 65–69 years 1.295007128, 70–74 years 1.629533438, 75–79 years 1.763345763, 80–89 years 1.927443543, and 90 years or older 2.018752269. Table 1 of the article lists the youngest group as 20–49 years, and the next S1 row is 50–54 years, so age 50 uses the reference coefficient 0. The S1 row label 20-50 is the same coefficient. Male sex is 0.322291449 and female sex is 0. Before age 85, Charlson index 0 is 0, 1–3 is 0.612122574, 4–5 is 0.825072847, 6–9 is 0.956099733, and 10 or higher is 1.395164653. From age 85 any Charlson index uses 1.529325519. Prior myocardial infarction or peripheral vascular disease is 0.267265312. The printed example is a 77-year-old man with Charlson index 5 and neither myocardial infarction nor peripheral vascular disease: S = −1.305348003 and the risk is 0.213266333, which the file rounds to 21%. (2020)

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