Internal Medicine · Critical Care

Winter's Formula for Respiratory Compensation calculator

Enter the published formula inputs below to calculate and interpret this score.

Clinical inputs

Measured serum bicarbonate (mmol/L)

Measured arterial PaCO₂ (mm Hg)

Result

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Formula inputs

Measured serum bicarbonate (mmol/L)Accepted range: 0 to 60
Measured arterial PaCO₂ (mm Hg)Accepted range: 0 to 200

Primary source

Albert MS et al. Quantitative displacement of acid-base equilibrium in metabolic acidosis. Ann Intern Med. DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-66-2-312. PMID: 6016545. Scope: expected PaCO₂ (1.5 × bicarbonate + 8, range ±2 mm Hg) during simple metabolic acidosis; measured PaCO₂ identifies an additional respiratory process. (1967)

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